I. Power Supply and Circuit Malfunctions
Symptom: Indicator light does not respond after startup.
Cause: Damaged wiring or circuit board; interrupted connection between gear shaft and piston push shaft.
Solution: Check circuit board; reinstall or replace piston push shaft.
II. Electrode and Measurement Malfunctions
Symptom: Millivoltmeter pointer swings erratically.
Cause: Loose electrode wiring; contaminated reference electrode solution; or circuit interruption.
Solution: Check wiring; replace electrode or clean reference electrode.
III. Titrate and Piping Malfunctions
Symptom: Titrate cannot be injected or flow is blocked.
Cause: ... Causes: Burette leakage, loose connection of suction tubing or infusion tubing
Solution: Check burette sealing ring, tighten connection nut
IV. Mechanical Component Failure
Symptom: Interruption in connection between titrator gear shaft and piston push shaft
Cause: Loose threaded interface or shaft connection failure
Solution: Reinstall connection or replace piston push shaft
V. Other Common Problems
Air Bubble Alarm: Air bubbles in tubing or empty solution bottle
Low Battery Voltage Alarm: Insufficient battery power
Drop Count Alarm: Empty infusion bottle, flow rate regulator not turned on, or sensor damaged
